Official topics · annotated
Jagiellonian Medical College Syllabus: Key Concepts Checklist, Annotated
All 31 topics of Jagiellonian University Medical College's official topic list, in its own words, each with what to know, the IvyTest lessons that teach it and the questions of our free sample test that test it. Tick a topic off when you have it; your ticks stay in this browser.
Based on "Examination Material Scope 2026/27", the page on Jagiellonian University Medical College's admissions site, as it read on 20 October 2026 (the page carries no date of its own). The official wording is quoted as printed; the notes and links are IvyTest's.
Before you start
How to use this list
JUMC's Examination Material Scope links four Key Concepts documents: Biology (12 topics), General Chemistry (10), Organic Chemistry (6) and Logic (3). Every topic below is quoted from them as printed; Biology topic 11 lists its seventeen systems, whose detailed points are in the Biology PDF. The exam has 100 five-option questions in 180 minutes across Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics/Logic and Ethics, and JUMC publishes no split between them. There is no Key Concepts document for Ethics (see the Ethics page) and none for Mathematics, whose arithmetic, algebra, counting and probability appear in the official sample paper. Tick each topic when you can do it without notes.
The lessons are part of the Jagiellonian University Medical College Complete Admissions System and open for students who have it; a lesson marked "members" links to the Jagiellonian University Medical College guide, which says what it includes.
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12 topics
Biology
Molecular Biology: DNA and RNA
What to know: Semi-conservative replication: helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, leading and lagging strands, Okazaki fragments and ligase, proofreading; base pairing (A–T, G–C, Chargaff's rule); how DNA is packed from the double helix through nucleosomes to the chromosome.
Lesson (members): DNA structure & replicationLesson (members): Nucleic acids & nucleotidesSample question 1Sample question 2
Molecular Biology: DNA and RNA
What to know: The three eukaryotic RNA polymerases and what each makes; initiation, elongation and termination; the cap, poly-A tail and splicing of mRNA, and how alternative splicing gives several proteins from one gene; tRNA, rRNA and the small regulatory RNAs.
Lesson (members): Transcription, RNA & translationSample question 3
Gene Expression, Proteins and Enzymes
What to know: Promoters, enhancers and exons; DNA repair; the genetic code (triplet, degenerate, start and stop codons); translation on the ribosome; folding with chaperones such as heat shock proteins; post-translational modification, secretory proteins and protein degradation.
Lesson (members): Transcription, RNA & translationLesson (members): Gene regulation, mutations & biotechnologySample question 4
Gene Expression, Proteins and Enzymes
What to know: Enzymes lower the activation energy; the active site and substrate specificity; how temperature, pH and inhibitors (competitive and non-competitive) change activity; the six enzyme classes (kinases as transferases, for example).
Lesson (members): Proteins & enzymesSample question 5Sample question 6
Cell Biology and Signalling
What to know: Membrane structure and transport (diffusion, channels, carriers, the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase); the cytoskeleton and cell junctions; the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, lysosomes and mitochondria; endocytosis, exocytosis and vesicle traffic; the nucleus and nucleolus.
Lesson (members): Cell structure & organellesLesson (members): Cell membranes & membrane transportSample question 7Sample question 9
Metabolism
What to know: Where glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the respiratory chain happen, what each takes in and gives out, and how much ATP; fermentation to lactate when oxygen is short; how fats (β-oxidation) and proteins feed in.
Lesson (members): ATP, redox & energy couplingLesson (members): Glycolysis & cellular respirationLesson (members): Fermentation & anaerobic metabolismSample question 11Sample question 12Sample question 13
Cell Biology and Signalling
What to know: Ligands and receptors: G-protein-coupled receptors and second messengers such as cAMP, enzyme-linked receptors, ion channels, and intracellular receptors for lipid-soluble hormones such as steroids.
Lesson (members): Cell signalling & receptorsSample question 8Sample question 10
Cell Division, Genetics and Cancer
What to know: Mitosis and meiosis compared, crossing over in prophase I and recombination; Mendelian crosses, sex-linked inheritance and sex determination; mitochondrial inheritance through the mother.
Lesson (members): Cell cycle & mitosisLesson (members): Meiosis & gametogenesisSample question 14Sample question 15Sample question 17
Cell Division, Genetics and Cancer
What to know: Mutagens, carcinogens, clastogens and teratogens; proto-oncogenes, oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes; cancer as clonal growth from one cell or a stem cell; how tumours evade the immune system.
Lesson (members): Gene regulation, mutations & biotechnologyLesson (members): Stem cells & cellular differentiationSample question 16
Microbiology
What to know: Virus structure and life cycles (retroviruses and reverse transcriptase); prokaryotic against eukaryotic cells; bacterial structure, growth and genetics; how antibiotics such as penicillin act; diseases caused by viruses, bacteria and parasites (malaria, worms, flukes).
Lesson (members): Bacteria, viruses & microorganismsLesson (members): Parasitology & host–parasite relationshipsSample question 18Sample question 19Sample question 20
Anatomy, Physiology and Embryology
What to know: Human physiology system by system: neurons and action potentials, muscle contraction, bone and connective tissue, hormones and feedback, the senses, the heart and circulation, blood (haematocrit, haemoglobin, red-cell indices), immunity, digestion, the kidney, breathing, skin and reproduction.
Lesson (members): Tissues & histologyLesson (members): Muscular systemLesson (members): Nervous system & sensory physiologyLesson (members): Endocrine system & hormonesLesson (members): Cardiovascular system & bloodLesson (members): Innate & adaptive immunityLesson (members): Respiratory system & gas exchangeLesson (members): Digestive system & nutritionLesson (members): Urinary system, kidney & osmoregulationLesson (members): Integumentary systemSample question 21Sample question 22Sample question 23Sample question 24
Anatomy, Physiology and Embryology
What to know: Fertilisation, cleavage, blastula, gastrulation and neurulation in order; the three germ layers and what each forms (the nervous system from ectoderm, the gut lining from endoderm, muscle, bone and blood from mesoderm).
Lesson (members): Reproductive system & human developmentSample question 25
10 topics
General Chemistry
Atomic Structure and Bonding
What to know: Electron configurations of s- and p-block atoms and ions, periodic trends, ionic and covalent bonds, Lewis structures, molecular shape (VSEPR) and polarity.
Lesson (members): Atomic structure & electronic configurationLesson (members): Periodic table & periodic trendsLesson (members): Chemical bonding & molecular structureSample question 26Sample question 27
The Mole, Formulas and Nomenclature
What to know: Atomic and molar mass, isotopes and the atomic mass unit; converting between mass, moles and particles with the Avogadro constant.
Lesson (members): Measurement, quantities & the moleSample question 28
Solutions, Stoichiometry and Gases
What to know: Solubility, percentage concentration, mole fraction and molarity, and converting between them by hand.
Lesson (members): Solutions, solubility & concentrationSample question 30
The Mole, Formulas and Nomenclature
What to know: Oxides, hydrides, acids, bases and salts and their IUPAC names; working out an empirical and a molecular formula from percentage composition.
Lesson (members): Inorganic nomenclatureLesson (members): Inorganic compounds & properties of elementsSample question 29
Solutions, Stoichiometry and Gases
What to know: Balancing equations by mass and charge; synthesis, decomposition and exchange reactions; neutralisation and salt formation; yield and the limiting reactant.
Solutions, Stoichiometry and Gases
What to know: Standard and normal conditions; pV = nRT (the Clapeyron equation) with the units kept consistent; isothermal, isobaric and isochoric changes.
Acids, Bases and Aqueous Equilibria
What to know: Writing and calculating an equilibrium constant, and predicting which way a change in conditions shifts the equilibrium.
Acids, Bases and Aqueous Equilibria
What to know: The ionic product of water and the pH scale; strong against weak acids and bases, Ka, Kb and the degree of dissociation; the solubility product Ksp and molar solubility.
Lesson (members): Acids, bases, pH & buffersLesson (members): Solutions, solubility & concentrationSample question 32Sample question 33Sample question 34
Redox and Electrochemistry
What to know: Oxidation numbers and balancing redox equations; standard electrode potentials, the electrochemical series, cell potentials and the Nernst equation.
Lesson (members): Redox & electrochemistrySample question 35Sample question 36
Thermochemistry and Thermodynamics
What to know: Hess's law calculations, enthalpies of formation and combustion, exothermic and endothermic reactions, entropy, and ΔG = ΔH − TΔS for spontaneity.
Lesson (members): Thermochemistry & thermodynamicsSample question 37Sample question 38
6 topics
Organic Chemistry
Organic Structure and Functional Groups
What to know: sp³, sp² and sp hybridisation and the shapes they give, carbon skeletons, functional groups, structural and skeletal formulas, Lewis structures and formal charges.
Lesson (members): Organic chemistry foundations & nomenclatureLesson (members): Chemical bonding & molecular structureSample question 39Sample question 40
Classes of Organic Compounds
What to know: Each class and its properties: hydrocarbons, halides and nitro compounds, alcohols (primary, secondary, tertiary), phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids and derivatives, amines, amino acids and proteins, lipids and soaps, carbohydrates (aldoses, ketoses, ring forms), bases and nucleotides; structural isomers and tautomers.
Lesson (members): Hydrocarbons & aromatic compoundsLesson (members): Alcohols, phenols, ethers & thiolsLesson (members): Aldehydes & ketonesLesson (members): Carboxylic acids & derivativesLesson (members): Amines & nitrogen compoundsLesson (members): Biomolecules & biochemical chemistrySample question 41Sample question 42Sample question 43
Organic Nomenclature
What to know: IUPAC naming: the parent chain, the suffix of the principal group, lowest locants and substituents in alphabetical order, for one and for several functional groups.
Lesson (members): Organic chemistry foundations & nomenclatureSample question 44Sample question 45
Isomerism and Stereochemistry
What to know: Z/E and cis–trans isomers, chiral centres, enantiomers and diastereomers (meso forms), Fischer projections, and conformations.
Lesson (members): Isomerism & stereochemistrySample question 46Sample question 47Sample question 48
Organic Reactions and Mechanisms
What to know: Addition, substitution and elimination; nucleophilic, electrophilic aromatic and radical substitution; oxidising primary and secondary alcohols; amide, acetal and ester formation and ester hydrolysis.
Lesson (members): Hydrocarbons & aromatic compoundsLesson (members): Alcohols, phenols, ethers & thiolsLesson (members): Carboxylic acids & derivativesSample question 49Sample question 50
Organic Reactions and Mechanisms
What to know: Addition and condensation polymers and the monomers they are made from.
3 topics
Logic
Formal Logic and Syllogisms
What to know: Number series, syllogisms and conditionals, direction tests, deduction and problem solving, statements with their conclusions and assumptions, cause and effect, and seating puzzles: practise each type until you can spot its pattern fast.
Lesson (members): Formal & propositional logicLesson (members): Syllogisms, sets & classificationSample question 51Sample question 52Sample question 53Sample question 54Sample question 55Sample question 56Sample question 57Sample question 58Sample question 59Sample question 60Sample question 61Sample question 62Sample question 63Sample question 64Sample question 65Sample question 66Sample question 67Sample question 68
Verbal Reasoning and Data Interpretation
What to know: Reading a short argument closely: its conclusion, the assumption it needs, what would weaken it, and whether a correlation shows cause.
Lesson (members): Verbal reasoning & argument evaluationSample question 69Sample question 70Sample question 71Sample question 72
Verbal Reasoning and Data Interpretation
What to know: Reading values from tables and graphs, and working out differences, percentages and percentage points by hand without over-reading the data.
Lesson (members): Data, tables & graph interpretationSample question 73Sample question 74Sample question 75
Next step
Test yourself on the list
The free sample test sets 100 questions in the exam's own format, every one explained. The Jagiellonian University Medicine Entrance Exam guide has the format, dates and scoring in full.
