Free practice paper · 2027 format

Assen Zlatarov (Burgas) Medicine Entrance Exam Practice Tests with Answers (2027)

Three free tests in the format of the Medicine entrance exams at Burgas State University "Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov" (also written Asen Zlatarov, in Burgas or Bourgas): Biology with 31 questions, Chemistry with 30 and the English B1 test with 50, each in 60 minutes, every answer explained. The university publishes sample Biology and Chemistry tests with answers but no explanations, and keeps the real exams confidential. Written by IvyTest; this is not an official paper of the university.

Before you start

How to sit this paper

Questions
111
Time
60 minutes + 60 minutes + 60 minutes
Options per question
4 (A to D)
Sections
3, each timed separately
SectionQuestionsTimeMarks (Medicine Entrance Exams)
Biology3160 min+1 correct, 0 wrong, 0 blank
Chemistry3060 min+1 correct, 0 wrong, 0 blank
English B1 test5060 min+1 correct, 0 wrong, 0 blank

Sit the three tests as on the exam day: Biology, then Chemistry, then English, 60 minutes each, without a calculator or periodic table (the university does not say whether either is allowed, so every value you need is given). Skip the English test if you hold an accepted certificate: you would be exempt from it.

Section 1 of 3

Biology

31 questions · 60 minutes

Question 1

Biology · Tissues · Standard

Which feature distinguishes cardiac muscle tissue from skeletal muscle tissue?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: A

Cardiac muscle cells are branched, usually have one central nucleus, and are linked by intercalated discs whose gap junctions let the impulse pass directly from cell to cell, so the heart contracts as a unit. Cardiac muscle is striated, like skeletal muscle, because both are built of sarcomeres. Long multinucleate fibres formed by fusion describe skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle is myogenic: it beats without any nerve supply, and its autonomic nerves only speed the heartbeat up or slow it down.

Question 2

Biology · The Digestive System · Foundation

Which enzyme begins the chemical digestion of starch in the mouth?

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Answer: D

Salivary amylase, secreted by the salivary glands, starts hydrolysing starch into maltose and shorter chains while food is chewed; it is inactivated by the acid of the stomach, and pancreatic amylase finishes the job in the small intestine. Pepsin (stomach) and trypsin (small intestine) are proteases, and lipase digests fats, not starch.

Question 3

Biology · The Digestive System · Foundation

What do bile salts do in the digestion of fats?

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Answer: B

Bile salts are not enzymes: they act like detergents, breaking large fat globules into many small droplets (emulsification), which greatly increases the surface area for pancreatic lipase. The hydrolysis of triglycerides is done by lipase itself, pepsinogen is activated by hydrochloric acid in the stomach, and humans have no enzyme that digests cellulose.

Question 4

Biology · The Respiratory System · Challenging

In an actively respiring muscle, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide rises and the pH falls. How does this affect haemoglobin in the capillaries of the muscle?

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Answer: C

This is the Bohr effect: carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions bind to haemoglobin and change its shape, lowering its affinity for oxygen, so the dissociation curve shifts to the right and more oxygen is unloaded where it is most needed. A rise in affinity is the opposite, which happens in the lungs. Carbon monoxide binding has nothing to do with CO₂ or pH, and haemoglobin does carry some CO₂ back to the lungs as carbaminohaemoglobin.

Question 5

Biology · The Urinary System and Excretion · Foundation

Which structure carries urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder?

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Answer: B

Each kidney drains into a ureter, a muscular tube whose peristaltic waves carry urine down to the bladder. The urethra carries urine from the bladder out of the body, the renal vein returns filtered blood to the inferior vena cava, and the collecting ducts lie inside the kidney and empty into the renal pelvis.

Question 6

Biology · The Urinary System and Excretion · Standard

Glucose passes into the filtrate at the glomerulus, yet the urine of a healthy person contains no glucose. Why?

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Answer: D

In the proximal convoluted tubule, glucose is taken up by sodium-glucose co-transporters and normally all of it returns to the blood. Only when blood glucose exceeds the renal threshold, as in untreated diabetes mellitus, are the carriers saturated and glucose appears in the urine. ADH controls the water permeability of the collecting ducts, not glucose, and urea is made in the liver from the amino groups of amino acids.

Question 7

Biology · The Cardiovascular System and Blood · Foundation

Which valve stops blood from flowing back from the left ventricle into the left atrium when the ventricle contracts?

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Answer: C

The mitral (bicuspid) valve, with two cusps, lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle and closes at the start of ventricular systole. The tricuspid valve is the right atrioventricular valve, and the semilunar valves sit at the exits of the ventricles, where they stop blood flowing back from the aorta and pulmonary artery during diastole.

Question 8

Biology · The Cardiovascular System and Blood · Standard

In which order does the electrical impulse that starts each heartbeat spread through the heart?

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Answer: A

The SA node in the wall of the right atrium is the pacemaker; its impulse spreads over both atria, which contract, and reaches the AV node, which delays it briefly so the atria finish emptying. The bundle of His then carries it down the septum and the Purkinje fibres spread it through the ventricles from the apex upwards. The other orders start in the wrong place or run backwards, and would not let the atria contract before the ventricles.

Question 9

Biology · Immunity · Foundation

Which cells secrete antibodies?

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Answer: B

In humoral immunity, a B lymphocyte that meets its antigen (with help from T helper cells) divides and differentiates into plasma cells, which secrete large amounts of antibody, and memory cells. T helper cells release cytokines that activate other lymphocytes but make no antibodies; neutrophils are phagocytes of innate immunity, and natural killer cells kill infected or tumour cells directly.

Question 10

Biology · Immunity · Standard

Which is an example of artificially acquired passive immunity?

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Answer: D

Passive immunity means receiving antibodies made by another organism, and it is artificial when they are given medically, as with an antivenom or antitoxin: protection is immediate but short-lived, because no memory cells are made. Antibodies crossing the placenta give natural passive immunity, a vaccine gives artificial active immunity, and recovering from an infection gives natural active immunity.

Question 11

Biology · The Locomotor System and the Skin · Challenging

Which statement about the contraction of a skeletal muscle fibre is correct?

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Answer: C

In the sliding filament mechanism, Ca²⁺ binding to troponin shifts tropomyosin away from actin's binding sites, so the myosin heads can attach and pull. The filaments do not shorten: they slide past each other, so the A band keeps its length while the I band and H zone narrow. It is the binding of ATP that detaches the myosin head from actin, which is why muscles lock in rigor mortis when ATP runs out.

Question 12

Biology · The Locomotor System and the Skin · Foundation

Which layer of the skin has no blood vessels and is constantly renewed by cell division in its deepest (basal) layer?

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Answer: A

The epidermis is a keratinised stratified squamous epithelium: cells of its basal layer divide, are pushed towards the surface, fill with keratin and are shed. It has no blood vessels and is nourished by diffusion from the dermis below. Both layers of the dermis are connective tissue rich in capillaries and nerves, and the hypodermis is mainly adipose tissue with larger vessels.

Question 13

Biology · The Nervous System and the Senses · Standard

Which response is produced by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?

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Answer: C

The sympathetic system prepares the body for fight or flight: noradrenaline from its nerve endings, with adrenaline from the adrenal medulla, speeds up the heart, dilates the bronchioles and the pupils, and diverts blood to the muscles. Constricted pupils, a more active gut and a heart slowed by the vagus nerve are all effects of the parasympathetic system.

Question 14

Biology · The Nervous System and the Senses · Standard

A student sees nearby objects clearly, but distant objects look blurred because their image is focused in front of the retina. Which defect is this, and which lens corrects it?

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Answer: B

In myopia (short sight) the eyeball is too long or the lens too strong, so light from distant objects is focused in front of the retina; a diverging lens spreads the rays slightly before they enter the eye and moves the focus back onto the retina. Hypermetropia is the opposite, with the focus behind the retina and near vision blurred, and is corrected with a converging lens. A converging lens would make myopia worse.

Question 15

Biology · The Endocrine System · Challenging

A person's diet lacks iodine, so the thyroid gland cannot make enough thyroxine. Which change is expected?

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Answer: D

Thyroxine normally inhibits the hypothalamus (TRH) and the anterior pituitary (TSH) by negative feedback. With little thyroxine that brake is removed, so TSH rises and stimulates the thyroid tissue to grow into a goitre, although without iodine it still cannot make enough hormone and the metabolic rate stays low. Falling TSH and a shrinking gland follow too much thyroxine, not too little, and calcitonin regulates blood calcium, not metabolic rate.

Question 16

Biology · The Endocrine System · Standard

Which pairing of gland and hormone is correct?

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Answer: A

Parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium by releasing it from bone, increasing its reabsorption in the kidney and, through activated vitamin D, its absorption in the gut. Cortisol is made by the adrenal cortex (the medulla makes adrenaline and noradrenaline), growth hormone by the anterior pituitary (the posterior pituitary releases ADH and oxytocin), and insulin by the β cells, while the α cells make glucagon.

Question 17

Biology · Reproduction, Growth and Development · Standard

Which event triggers ovulation in the menstrual cycle?

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Answer: C

Around the middle of the cycle, the high oestrogen secreted by the maturing follicle switches to positive feedback on the anterior pituitary, causing an LH surge that makes the follicle rupture and release the secondary oocyte. FSH stimulates follicle growth earlier but does not itself trigger ovulation. Progesterone rises only after ovulation, because the corpus luteum forms from the ruptured follicle, and the endometrium is shed at menstruation, when progesterone falls.

Question 18

Biology · Biomolecules, Viruses and Prokaryotes · Standard

In a double-stranded DNA molecule, 18% of the bases are adenine. What percentage are guanine?

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Answer: B

Complementary base pairing means A = T and G = C. Adenine and thymine together make 36%, so guanine and cytosine make 64%, half of which is guanine: 32%. 18% is the share of thymine, 36% is A + T, and 64% is G and C together.

Question 19

Biology · Biomolecules, Viruses and Prokaryotes · Standard

Which statement about HIV, a retrovirus, is correct?

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Answer: D

A retrovirus carries RNA and the enzyme reverse transcriptase; inside the host cell (T helper cells, for HIV) the enzyme makes a DNA copy, which is inserted into the host's chromosomes and transcribed by the host. Viruses have no cell wall, no ribosomes and no metabolism of their own, and new virus particles are assembled inside a host cell rather than made by division.

Question 20

Biology · Biomolecules, Viruses and Prokaryotes · Foundation

How does a bacterium usually reproduce?

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Answer: A

A bacterium copies its single circular DNA molecule, the two copies are separated as the cell grows, and the cell splits into two identical cells by binary fission, in some species every 20 minutes. Mitosis and meiosis belong to eukaryotes, which have a nucleus and a spindle. An endospore is a dormant, resistant form for surviving harsh conditions: one cell forms one spore, which grows back into one cell.

Question 21

Biology · The Eukaryotic Cell and Membrane Transport · Foundation

According to the fluid mosaic model, how are the phospholipids of the plasma membrane arranged?

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Answer: C

The phosphate heads are hydrophilic and face the cytoplasm and the tissue fluid, while the fatty-acid tails are hydrophobic and point inwards, forming a core that ions and polar molecules cross only with difficulty. Tails facing water would be unstable. The membrane is fluid, with phospholipids and many proteins moving sideways, and its proteins are scattered through it like a mosaic rather than forming continuous layers.

Question 22

Biology · The Eukaryotic Cell and Membrane Transport · Standard

Which pairing of organelle and function is correct?

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Answer: B

The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, modifies them (for example by adding carbohydrate), sorts them and packages them into vesicles for secretion, the membrane or lysosomes. ATP is made by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, worn-out organelles are digested by lysosomes (ribosomes make proteins), and the nucleolus makes rRNA and ribosomal subunits, while the spindle is organised by the centrosome.

Question 23

Biology · Cell Metabolism and Genetic Processes · Standard

What is the net yield of glycolysis from one molecule of glucose?

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Answer: A

Glycolysis uses 2 ATP in its first stage and makes 4 later, a net gain of 2 ATP; it also reduces 2 NAD⁺ to 2 NADH and splits glucose into 2 pyruvate. 4 ATP is the gross yield, and FADH₂ is made in the Krebs cycle. Acetyl-CoA and CO₂ come from the link reaction in the mitochondria, and lactate forms only without oxygen, when the yield is still just 2 ATP.

Question 24

Biology · Cell Metabolism and Genetic Processes · Challenging

In oxidative phosphorylation, what directly supplies the energy that ATP synthase uses to make ATP?

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Answer: D

As electrons from NADH and FADH₂ pass along the chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane, the energy released pumps H⁺ into the intermembrane space; the protons flow back through ATP synthase, and this flow drives the phosphorylation of ADP (chemiosmosis). Direct phosphate transfer is substrate-level phosphorylation, not oxidative. Water is split by light in photosynthesis, and pyruvate is oxidised in the mitochondrial matrix, not the cytoplasm.

Question 25

Biology · Cell Metabolism and Genetic Processes · Challenging

A mature mRNA has 360 nucleotides from the first base of its start codon to the last base of its stop codon. How many amino acids does the polypeptide translated from it contain, if none is removed after translation?

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Answer: B

360 nucleotides make 120 codons. The start codon (AUG) codes for methionine and counts, but the stop codon is read by a release factor, not a tRNA, and adds no amino acid, so the chain has 119. 120 forgets that the stop codon codes for nothing, 360 treats each nucleotide as coding for an amino acid, and 118 wrongly leaves out the start codon's methionine as well.

Question 26

Biology · Cell Division · Foundation

In which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell?

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Answer: C

In anaphase the centromeres split and the shortening spindle fibres pull the sister chromatids, now separate chromosomes, to opposite poles. In prophase the chromosomes condense and the spindle forms, in metaphase they line up on the equator, and in telophase nuclear envelopes form again around the two sets at the poles.

Question 27

Biology · Cell Division · Challenging

A human cell (2n = 46) undergoes meiosis. What does each cell contain at the end of meiosis I?

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Answer: D

Meiosis I is the reduction division: homologous chromosomes separate, not chromatids, so each cell receives one chromosome of each pair (23), but each chromosome still consists of two sister chromatids. The chromatids separate only in meiosis II, which gives 23 single-chromatid chromosomes, the state at the end of meiosis, not of meiosis I. 46 chromosomes is the number before the reduction division.

Question 28

Biology · Heredity, Variability and Mutations · Standard

In a plant, round seeds (R) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r), and yellow seeds (Y) are dominant to green seeds (y); the two genes are on different chromosomes. A plant of genotype RrYy is crossed with an rryy plant. What proportion of the offspring is expected to have round, green seeds?

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Answer: A

This is a test cross: RrYy makes four kinds of gamete (RY, Ry, rY, ry) in equal numbers, while rryy makes only ry. The offspring are RrYy, Rryy, rrYy and rryy, a quarter each, and round green seeds (Rryy) are 1/4. Sixteenths belong to the cross RrYy × RrYy, where round green would be 3/16.

Question 29

Biology · Heredity, Variability and Mutations · Standard

A man of blood group A (genotype Iᴬi) and a woman of blood group B (genotype Iᴮi) have children. Which blood groups are possible among their children?

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Answer: C

The man passes on Iᴬ or i and the woman Iᴮ or i, so the children can be IᴬIᴮ (group AB, because the two alleles are codominant), Iᴬi (A), Iᴮi (B) or ii (O), a quarter each. Because both parents carry the recessive allele i, a child of group O is possible, which rules out the options without O; AB only would need both parents to be homozygous.

Question 30

Biology · Heredity, Variability and Mutations · Challenging

Haemophilia A is caused by a recessive allele on the X chromosome. A woman with normal blood clotting, whose father had haemophilia A, has children with a man who does not have the disease. What is the probability that any one of their sons will have haemophilia A?

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Answer: B

The woman received her father's only X chromosome, which carries the allele, so she is a carrier (XᴴXʰ). Each son receives one of her X chromosomes and his father's Y, so each son has a 1/2 chance of inheriting Xʰ and being affected. 1/4 is the chance that any child, son or daughter, is an affected son; no daughter is affected, because each receives her father's normal Xᴴ.

Question 31

Biology · Heredity, Variability and Mutations · Standard

Which gene mutation is most likely to change every amino acid coded after the point where it occurs?

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Answer: A

The code is read in non-overlapping triplets from a fixed start, so deleting one nucleotide shifts the reading frame (a frameshift) and changes every codon after it, often creating an early stop codon. A silent substitution changes no amino acid, because the code is degenerate, and a missense substitution changes only one. Deleting a whole codon removes one amino acid but keeps the reading frame.

Section 2 of 3

Chemistry

30 questions · 60 minutes

Question 32

Chemistry · Atomic Structure · Foundation

How many neutrons are in an atom of chlorine-37, ³⁷Cl (Z = 17)?

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Answer: B

The number of neutrons is the mass number minus the atomic number: 37 − 17 = 20. 17 is the number of protons (and of electrons in the neutral atom), 37 is the mass number itself, and 54 wrongly adds the two numbers together.

Question 33

Chemistry · Atomic Structure · Standard

Which ion has the same electron configuration as the noble gas argon?

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Answer: C

K⁺ has 19 − 1 = 18 electrons, arranged 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶, exactly like argon. Na⁺ (11 − 1), O²⁻ (8 + 2) and Al³⁺ (13 − 3) all have 10 electrons, so they are isoelectronic with neon, not argon.

Question 34

Chemistry · Periodic Law and the Periodic Table · Standard

Going across period 3 from sodium to chlorine, which trend is correct?

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Answer: D

Across the period the nuclear charge rises while the electrons enter the same third shell, so they are pulled closer and the atoms shrink. For the same reason the outer electrons are held more tightly: first ionisation energy generally increases, metallic character decreases, and the oxides change from basic (Na₂O) to acidic (Cl₂O₇).

Question 35

Chemistry · Chemical Bonding and Intermolecular Forces · Foundation

Which compound contains both ionic and covalent bonds?

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Answer: A

In potassium sulfate, K⁺ ions are held to SO₄²⁻ ions by ionic bonding, while the sulfur and oxygen atoms inside each sulfate ion are joined by covalent bonds. KCl contains only ionic bonds; SO₃ and CCl₄ are molecular substances with only covalent bonds.

Question 36

Chemistry · Chemical Bonding and Intermolecular Forces · Challenging

Which of these substances has the highest boiling point?

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Answer: C

Water boils at 100 °C, hydrogen fluoride at about 20 °C, ammonia at about −33 °C and methane at about −162 °C. Fluorine is more electronegative than oxygen, but each HF molecule has only one hydrogen to donate, whereas each water molecule has two hydrogens and two lone pairs and can take part in up to four hydrogen bonds. Methane has no hydrogen bonding at all, only weak dispersion forces.

Question 37

Chemistry · Chemical Elements and Their Reactions · Foundation

Which metal does not release hydrogen when placed in dilute hydrochloric acid?

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Answer: D

Copper lies below hydrogen in the activity series (E°(Cu²⁺/Cu) = +0.34 V), so it cannot reduce H⁺ ions and does not react with dilute HCl. Zinc, iron and magnesium lie above hydrogen and displace it, for example Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂ and Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂.

Question 38

Chemistry · Oxides, Hydroxides, Oxoacids and Salts · Foundation

Which acid forms when sulfur dioxide dissolves in water?

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Answer: B

SO₂ + H₂O ⇌ H₂SO₃: sulfur keeps its oxidation state of +4, giving sulfurous acid. Sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄ (sulfur +6), is formed from sulfur trioxide, SO₃; H₂S (sulfur −2) is hydrogen sulfide, and H₂S₂O₃ is thiosulfuric acid, neither of which forms from SO₂ and water.

Question 39

Chemistry · Oxides, Hydroxides, Oxoacids and Salts · Standard

Which pair of solutions gives a white precipitate when mixed?

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Answer: A

BaCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ → BaSO₄↓ + 2NaCl: barium sulfate is insoluble and comes out as a white solid. In the other pairs every possible product is soluble (all sodium, potassium and nitrate salts dissolve), and HCl with NaOH is a neutralisation that gives only NaCl and water.

Question 40

Chemistry · Thermochemistry · Standard

Carbon burns according to C(s) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g), ΔH = −394 kJ/mol. How much heat is released when 6 g of carbon (M = 12 g/mol) burns completely?

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Answer: C

n(C) = 6 g ÷ 12 g/mol = 0.5 mol, and the heat released is 0.5 mol × 394 kJ/mol = 197 kJ. 394 kJ is the heat for a whole mole, 788 kJ doubles it instead of halving, and 66 kJ wrongly divides 394 by the mass.

Question 41

Chemistry · Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis · Challenging

For the reaction 2NO(g) + O₂(g) → 2NO₂(g) the rate equation is v = k[NO]²[O₂]. At constant temperature, by what factor does the rate change if the concentrations of both NO and O₂ are doubled?

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Answer: D

Doubling [NO] multiplies the rate by 2² = 4, and doubling [O₂] multiplies it by a further 2, so the rate rises 4 × 2 = 8 times; k does not change at constant temperature. A factor of 4 accounts for NO only, and 6 adds the two effects instead of multiplying them.

Question 42

Chemistry · Chemical Equilibrium · Challenging

For the equilibrium 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g), ΔH < 0, which change both increases the yield of SO₃ and increases the equilibrium constant Kc?

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Answer: B

The equilibrium constant depends only on temperature; for an exothermic forward reaction, lowering the temperature shifts the equilibrium to the right and makes Kc larger. Raising the pressure (3 mol of gas → 2 mol) and adding O₂ also shift the position towards SO₃, but Kc stays the same. A catalyst only speeds up reaching equilibrium and changes neither the yield nor Kc.

Question 43

Chemistry · Solutions and Colloid-Dispersive Systems · Standard

4.0 g of sodium hydroxide (M = 40 g/mol) is dissolved in water and made up to 250 mL of solution. What is the molar concentration of the solution?

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Answer: A

n(NaOH) = 4.0 g ÷ 40 g/mol = 0.10 mol, and c = 0.10 mol ÷ 0.250 L = 0.40 mol/L. 0.10 mol/L forgets to divide by the volume in litres, 0.016 divides grams by millilitres, and 1.6 multiplies by 4 a second time.

Question 44

Chemistry · Oxidation, Reduction and Electrolysis · Foundation

What is the oxidation state of manganese in potassium permanganate, KMnO₄?

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Answer: D

The oxidation states must add up to zero: (+1) for K + x for Mn + 4 × (−2) for O = 0, so x = +7. Manganese is +6 in potassium manganate, K₂MnO₄, +4 in MnO₂ and +2 in Mn²⁺ salts such as MnSO₄.

Question 45

Chemistry · Electrolytes, Acids, Bases and pH · Foundation

What is the pH of a 0.01 mol/L solution of hydrochloric acid?

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Answer: B

HCl is a strong acid and dissociates completely, so [H⁺] = 0.01 = 10⁻² mol/L and pH = −log 10⁻² = 2. A pH of 1 would need 0.1 mol/L acid, 7 is neutral, and 12 is the pH of 0.01 mol/L NaOH.

Question 46

Chemistry · Electrolytes, Acids, Bases and pH · Challenging

What is the pH of a 0.005 mol/L solution of barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)₂, at 25 °C? Assume complete dissociation.

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Answer: C

Ba(OH)₂ → Ba²⁺ + 2OH⁻, so [OH⁻] = 2 × 0.005 = 0.010 mol/L, pOH = 2 and pH = 14 − 2 = 12. 11.7 forgets the factor of 2 (pOH = −log 0.005 ≈ 2.3), and 2 and 2.3 are pOH values, not pH.

Question 47

Chemistry · Structure, Hybridisation and Isomerism · Foundation

What is the hybridisation of each carbon atom in ethene, CH₂=CH₂?

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Answer: A

Each carbon in ethene forms three σ bonds (two C–H and one C–C) from three sp² orbitals arranged at 120° in a plane; the unhybridised p orbitals overlap sideways to form the π bond. sp is the hybridisation in ethyne, sp³ in ethane, and carbon never uses d orbitals.

Question 48

Chemistry · Structure, Hybridisation and Isomerism · Challenging

How many structural isomers have the molecular formula C₄H₉Cl? Do not count stereoisomers.

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Answer: C

There are four: 1-chlorobutane and 2-chlorobutane on the straight chain, and 1-chloro-2-methylpropane and 2-chloro-2-methylpropane on the branched chain. 2-Chlorobutane also exists as a pair of enantiomers, which would give 5 only if stereoisomers were counted; 2 or 3 misses the branched chain or one of its positions.

Question 49

Chemistry · Alkanes and Alkenes · Foundation

What is the IUPAC name of CH₃–CH(CH₃)–CH₂–CH₃?

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Answer: B

The longest chain has four carbons (butane), and numbering from the end nearer the branch puts the methyl group on carbon 2: 2-methylbutane. 3-Methylbutane numbers from the wrong end, 2-ethylpropane does not use the longest chain, and pentane is the unbranched isomer of the same formula, C₅H₁₂.

Question 50

Chemistry · Alkanes and Alkenes · Standard

How many moles of oxygen are needed for the complete combustion of 1 mol of propane, C₃H₈?

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Answer: D

C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O: the products contain 3 × 2 + 4 × 1 = 10 oxygen atoms, which is 5 mol of O₂. 3 and 4 are the moles of CO₂ and H₂O formed, and 7 is their sum.

Question 51

Chemistry · Alkynes and Arenes · Standard

Benzene reacts with chlorine in the presence of an FeCl₃ catalyst. What type of reaction takes place, and what is the organic product?

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Answer: A

FeCl₃ polarises Cl₂ into an electrophile that replaces one hydrogen on the ring, so the stable aromatic system is kept: C₆H₆ + Cl₂ → C₆H₅Cl + HCl. Adding chlorine across the ring to give C₆H₆Cl₆ happens only in UV light without a catalyst; chlorocyclohexane would need hydrogenation as well, and nothing is oxidised to phenol.

Question 52

Chemistry · Alkynes and Arenes · Challenging

Which compound forms a precipitate with an ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate?

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Answer: B

In a terminal alkyne the hydrogen on the triple-bonded carbon is weakly acidic and is replaced by silver: CH₃CH₂C≡CH gives the silver acetylide CH₃CH₂C≡CAg as a precipitate. But-2-yne has its triple bond in the middle of the chain, so no hydrogen sits on an sp carbon; but-1-ene and benzene have no such acidic hydrogen either.

Question 53

Chemistry · Alcohols and Phenols · Standard

Ethanol is heated with excess concentrated sulfuric acid at about 170 °C. What is the main organic product?

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Answer: C

At about 170 °C with excess concentrated H₂SO₄, ethanol loses water from within each molecule: CH₃CH₂OH → CH₂=CH₂ + H₂O. Ethoxyethane is the product at a lower temperature (about 140 °C) with excess ethanol, when water is removed between two molecules. Ethanal and ethanoic acid need an oxidising agent such as acidified K₂Cr₂O₇.

Question 54

Chemistry · Alcohols and Phenols · Standard

How many moles of hydrogen gas are released when 1 mol of propane-1,2,3-triol (glycerol) reacts completely with excess sodium?

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Answer: D

Each –OH group reacts as 2R–OH + 2Na → 2R–ONa + H₂, so every two hydroxyl groups give one H₂. Glycerol has three –OH groups, so 1 mol releases 3 ÷ 2 = 1.5 mol H₂. 0.5 mol is right for a mono-alcohol, and 3 mol forgets that H₂ contains two hydrogen atoms.

Question 55

Chemistry · Aldehydes and Ketones · Foundation

What is formed when propanone is reduced with hydrogen over a nickel catalyst?

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Answer: A

Hydrogen adds across the C=O bond of the ketone, CH₃COCH₃ + H₂ → CH₃CH(OH)CH₃, giving the secondary alcohol propan-2-ol. Propan-1-ol is the product of reducing propanal, not propanone; propanal is an isomer of propanone, and propanoic acid would be an oxidation product.

Question 56

Chemistry · Aldehydes and Ketones · Challenging

How many aldehydes and ketones together have the molecular formula C₄H₈O?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: B

There are two aldehydes, butanal (CH₃CH₂CH₂CHO) and 2-methylpropanal ((CH₃)₂CHCHO), and one ketone, butan-2-one (CH₃COCH₂CH₃). On the straight chain the only inner positions are C2 and C3, which give the same ketone, and the central carbon of the branched chain already has three carbon neighbours, so it cannot carry C=O; there is no other ketone. Higher counts include isomers of C₄H₈O that are not carbonyl compounds, such as cyclic ethers or unsaturated alcohols.

Question 57

Chemistry · Carboxylic Acids, Derivatives and Fats · Foundation

Which ester is formed when ethanoic acid reacts with methanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: D

CH₃COOH + CH₃OH ⇌ CH₃COOCH₃ + H₂O. An ester is named with the alkyl group from the alcohol first (methyl) and the acid part second (ethanoate). Ethyl methanoate, HCOOC₂H₅, is an isomer made from methanoic acid and ethanol, and the other two names need a different acid or alcohol.

Question 58

Chemistry · Carboxylic Acids, Derivatives and Fats · Standard

What volume of 0.10 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution exactly neutralises 0.60 g of ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH, M = 60 g/mol)?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C

n(CH₃COOH) = 0.60 g ÷ 60 g/mol = 0.010 mol, and CH₃COOH + NaOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O reacts 1 : 1, so 0.010 mol NaOH is needed. V = 0.010 mol ÷ 0.10 mol/L = 0.100 L = 100 mL. 200 mL would apply to a diprotic acid, and 10 mL slips a factor of 10.

Question 59

Chemistry · Amines · Standard

Which of these compounds is the strongest base in aqueous solution?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: A

The methyl group pushes electron density onto nitrogen, making its lone pair more available to accept a proton, so methylamine is a stronger base than ammonia. In aniline the lone pair is delocalised into the benzene ring, making it a much weaker base than ammonia; in ethanamide it is delocalised onto the C=O group, so amides are practically neutral.

Question 60

Chemistry · Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins · Challenging

How many different tripeptides can be made in which glycine, alanine and serine each appear exactly once?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: B

A peptide has a direction (N-terminus to C-terminus), so Gly-Ala-Ser and Ser-Ala-Gly are different molecules; the number of orders is 3! = 3 × 2 × 1 = 6. 27 = 3³ would allow each amino acid to be repeated, and 3 ignores the order of the residues.

Question 61

Chemistry · Carbohydrates · Standard

Which carbohydrate is a non-reducing sugar?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C

In sucrose the glycosidic bond joins C1 of glucose to C2 of fructose, so neither ring has a free anomeric carbon that can open to an aldehyde or ketone group; it gives a negative Fehling's and Tollens' test. Glucose is a reducing aldose, and maltose and lactose each keep one free anomeric carbon, so they reduce Fehling's solution too.

Section 3 of 3

English B1 test

50 questions · 60 minutes

Question 62

English B1 Diagnostic · Reading Comprehension · Standard

What is the text mainly about?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C

Every paragraph follows Mia through the problems of her first year (loneliness, money, cooking) and how she solved them. Swimming is only one part of the story and its health benefits are never discussed, and the text says the lectures were the easy part.

Question 63

English B1 Diagnostic · Reading Comprehension · Foundation
Show the passage · English · A first year by the sea

When Mia Novak left her small mountain town to study in a city on the coast, she expected the hardest part of her first year to be the lectures. In fact, as she explains in a talk she now gives to new students, the lectures were the easy part. What she had not prepared for was everything else: cooking for herself, managing a budget, and living in a place where she did not know a single person.

For the first few weeks, Mia shared a flat with two other students, both of whom were in their second year. They were friendly but busy, and they already had their own friends. "I spent most evenings in my room watching films on my laptop," she says. "I told my parents on the phone that everything was fine, but I was lonely, and I was spending far too much money on takeaway food because I didn't know how to cook." By the end of October she had used almost half of the money she had saved for the whole year.

Things began to change when a classmate persuaded her to join the university's sea-swimming club. Mia had never swum in the sea in winter, and she nearly gave up after the first session, when the water was so cold that she could hardly breathe. But the club met at seven o'clock every Saturday morning, whatever the weather, and afterwards the members went to a small café near the harbour for hot chocolate. "It wasn't really the swimming that kept me going back," she admits. "It was the café. For the first time, I was part of a group that expected me to turn up."

Through the club she met an older student who was studying nutrition, and the two of them started cooking together on Sunday evenings. They made large pots of soup and pasta sauce and froze them in portions for the week ahead. Mia's spending on food fell by more than half, and she found that she had more energy for her studies. She also began to keep a simple notebook in which she wrote down everything she spent, from bus tickets to coffee. "It was boring," she says, "but after a month I could see exactly where my money was going, and I stopped worrying about it."

By the summer, Mia had passed all her exams, two of them with high marks. She is now in her third year and helps to run a programme that pairs each new student with an older one during their first term. The pairs meet once a week, usually for coffee, and the older student answers questions about anything from timetables to washing machines. Her advice to those arriving in the city is simple. "Don't wait for friends to find you. Choose one activity, any activity, and go every week, even when you don't feel like it. And learn to cook three cheap meals before you leave home." The sea, she adds, is still very cold in January.

According to the first paragraph, what did Mia expect to be the hardest part of her first year?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: A

She "expected the hardest part of her first year to be the lectures". Cooking, the budget and living among strangers are the things she "had not prepared for", so she did not expect them to be difficult.

Question 64

English B1 Diagnostic · Reading Comprehension · Foundation
Show the passage · English · A first year by the sea

When Mia Novak left her small mountain town to study in a city on the coast, she expected the hardest part of her first year to be the lectures. In fact, as she explains in a talk she now gives to new students, the lectures were the easy part. What she had not prepared for was everything else: cooking for herself, managing a budget, and living in a place where she did not know a single person.

For the first few weeks, Mia shared a flat with two other students, both of whom were in their second year. They were friendly but busy, and they already had their own friends. "I spent most evenings in my room watching films on my laptop," she says. "I told my parents on the phone that everything was fine, but I was lonely, and I was spending far too much money on takeaway food because I didn't know how to cook." By the end of October she had used almost half of the money she had saved for the whole year.

Things began to change when a classmate persuaded her to join the university's sea-swimming club. Mia had never swum in the sea in winter, and she nearly gave up after the first session, when the water was so cold that she could hardly breathe. But the club met at seven o'clock every Saturday morning, whatever the weather, and afterwards the members went to a small café near the harbour for hot chocolate. "It wasn't really the swimming that kept me going back," she admits. "It was the café. For the first time, I was part of a group that expected me to turn up."

Through the club she met an older student who was studying nutrition, and the two of them started cooking together on Sunday evenings. They made large pots of soup and pasta sauce and froze them in portions for the week ahead. Mia's spending on food fell by more than half, and she found that she had more energy for her studies. She also began to keep a simple notebook in which she wrote down everything she spent, from bus tickets to coffee. "It was boring," she says, "but after a month I could see exactly where my money was going, and I stopped worrying about it."

By the summer, Mia had passed all her exams, two of them with high marks. She is now in her third year and helps to run a programme that pairs each new student with an older one during their first term. The pairs meet once a week, usually for coffee, and the older student answers questions about anything from timetables to washing machines. Her advice to those arriving in the city is simple. "Don't wait for friends to find you. Choose one activity, any activity, and go every week, even when you don't feel like it. And learn to cook three cheap meals before you leave home." The sea, she adds, is still very cold in January.

Why did Mia's flatmates not help her to feel less lonely at first?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: B

The text says they "were friendly but busy, and they already had their own friends". They were friendly, so they did not dislike her, and it was Mia, not the flatmates, who watched films in her room.

Question 65

English B1 Diagnostic · Reading Comprehension · Standard
Show the passage · English · A first year by the sea

When Mia Novak left her small mountain town to study in a city on the coast, she expected the hardest part of her first year to be the lectures. In fact, as she explains in a talk she now gives to new students, the lectures were the easy part. What she had not prepared for was everything else: cooking for herself, managing a budget, and living in a place where she did not know a single person.

For the first few weeks, Mia shared a flat with two other students, both of whom were in their second year. They were friendly but busy, and they already had their own friends. "I spent most evenings in my room watching films on my laptop," she says. "I told my parents on the phone that everything was fine, but I was lonely, and I was spending far too much money on takeaway food because I didn't know how to cook." By the end of October she had used almost half of the money she had saved for the whole year.

Things began to change when a classmate persuaded her to join the university's sea-swimming club. Mia had never swum in the sea in winter, and she nearly gave up after the first session, when the water was so cold that she could hardly breathe. But the club met at seven o'clock every Saturday morning, whatever the weather, and afterwards the members went to a small café near the harbour for hot chocolate. "It wasn't really the swimming that kept me going back," she admits. "It was the café. For the first time, I was part of a group that expected me to turn up."

Through the club she met an older student who was studying nutrition, and the two of them started cooking together on Sunday evenings. They made large pots of soup and pasta sauce and froze them in portions for the week ahead. Mia's spending on food fell by more than half, and she found that she had more energy for her studies. She also began to keep a simple notebook in which she wrote down everything she spent, from bus tickets to coffee. "It was boring," she says, "but after a month I could see exactly where my money was going, and I stopped worrying about it."

By the summer, Mia had passed all her exams, two of them with high marks. She is now in her third year and helps to run a programme that pairs each new student with an older one during their first term. The pairs meet once a week, usually for coffee, and the older student answers questions about anything from timetables to washing machines. Her advice to those arriving in the city is simple. "Don't wait for friends to find you. Choose one activity, any activity, and go every week, even when you don't feel like it. And learn to cook three cheap meals before you leave home." The sea, she adds, is still very cold in January.

Which statement is true according to the second paragraph?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: D

Mia says: "I told my parents on the phone that everything was fine, but I was lonely." So her parents did not know; she bought takeaway food because she could not cook, and she spent most evenings alone in her room.

Question 66

English B1 Diagnostic · Reading Comprehension · Foundation
Show the passage · English · A first year by the sea

When Mia Novak left her small mountain town to study in a city on the coast, she expected the hardest part of her first year to be the lectures. In fact, as she explains in a talk she now gives to new students, the lectures were the easy part. What she had not prepared for was everything else: cooking for herself, managing a budget, and living in a place where she did not know a single person.

For the first few weeks, Mia shared a flat with two other students, both of whom were in their second year. They were friendly but busy, and they already had their own friends. "I spent most evenings in my room watching films on my laptop," she says. "I told my parents on the phone that everything was fine, but I was lonely, and I was spending far too much money on takeaway food because I didn't know how to cook." By the end of October she had used almost half of the money she had saved for the whole year.

Things began to change when a classmate persuaded her to join the university's sea-swimming club. Mia had never swum in the sea in winter, and she nearly gave up after the first session, when the water was so cold that she could hardly breathe. But the club met at seven o'clock every Saturday morning, whatever the weather, and afterwards the members went to a small café near the harbour for hot chocolate. "It wasn't really the swimming that kept me going back," she admits. "It was the café. For the first time, I was part of a group that expected me to turn up."

Through the club she met an older student who was studying nutrition, and the two of them started cooking together on Sunday evenings. They made large pots of soup and pasta sauce and froze them in portions for the week ahead. Mia's spending on food fell by more than half, and she found that she had more energy for her studies. She also began to keep a simple notebook in which she wrote down everything she spent, from bus tickets to coffee. "It was boring," she says, "but after a month I could see exactly where my money was going, and I stopped worrying about it."

By the summer, Mia had passed all her exams, two of them with high marks. She is now in her third year and helps to run a programme that pairs each new student with an older one during their first term. The pairs meet once a week, usually for coffee, and the older student answers questions about anything from timetables to washing machines. Her advice to those arriving in the city is simple. "Don't wait for friends to find you. Choose one activity, any activity, and go every week, even when you don't feel like it. And learn to cook three cheap meals before you leave home." The sea, she adds, is still very cold in January.

What had happened by the end of October?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: A

"By the end of October she had used almost half of the money she had saved for the whole year." "Almost half" is not all of it, and a job or a new flat is never mentioned.

Question 67

English B1 Diagnostic · Reading Comprehension · Standard
Show the passage · English · A first year by the sea

When Mia Novak left her small mountain town to study in a city on the coast, she expected the hardest part of her first year to be the lectures. In fact, as she explains in a talk she now gives to new students, the lectures were the easy part. What she had not prepared for was everything else: cooking for herself, managing a budget, and living in a place where she did not know a single person.

For the first few weeks, Mia shared a flat with two other students, both of whom were in their second year. They were friendly but busy, and they already had their own friends. "I spent most evenings in my room watching films on my laptop," she says. "I told my parents on the phone that everything was fine, but I was lonely, and I was spending far too much money on takeaway food because I didn't know how to cook." By the end of October she had used almost half of the money she had saved for the whole year.

Things began to change when a classmate persuaded her to join the university's sea-swimming club. Mia had never swum in the sea in winter, and she nearly gave up after the first session, when the water was so cold that she could hardly breathe. But the club met at seven o'clock every Saturday morning, whatever the weather, and afterwards the members went to a small café near the harbour for hot chocolate. "It wasn't really the swimming that kept me going back," she admits. "It was the café. For the first time, I was part of a group that expected me to turn up."

Through the club she met an older student who was studying nutrition, and the two of them started cooking together on Sunday evenings. They made large pots of soup and pasta sauce and froze them in portions for the week ahead. Mia's spending on food fell by more than half, and she found that she had more energy for her studies. She also began to keep a simple notebook in which she wrote down everything she spent, from bus tickets to coffee. "It was boring," she says, "but after a month I could see exactly where my money was going, and I stopped worrying about it."

By the summer, Mia had passed all her exams, two of them with high marks. She is now in her third year and helps to run a programme that pairs each new student with an older one during their first term. The pairs meet once a week, usually for coffee, and the older student answers questions about anything from timetables to washing machines. Her advice to those arriving in the city is simple. "Don't wait for friends to find you. Choose one activity, any activity, and go every week, even when you don't feel like it. And learn to cook three cheap meals before you leave home." The sea, she adds, is still very cold in January.

In the third paragraph, what does the phrase "whatever the weather" mean?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C

"Whatever the weather" means that the weather made no difference: the club met every Saturday in all conditions. The first two options say the opposite, and the phrase is about the weather, not about the members' choice.

Question 68

English B1 Diagnostic · Reading Comprehension · Standard
Show the passage · English · A first year by the sea

When Mia Novak left her small mountain town to study in a city on the coast, she expected the hardest part of her first year to be the lectures. In fact, as she explains in a talk she now gives to new students, the lectures were the easy part. What she had not prepared for was everything else: cooking for herself, managing a budget, and living in a place where she did not know a single person.

For the first few weeks, Mia shared a flat with two other students, both of whom were in their second year. They were friendly but busy, and they already had their own friends. "I spent most evenings in my room watching films on my laptop," she says. "I told my parents on the phone that everything was fine, but I was lonely, and I was spending far too much money on takeaway food because I didn't know how to cook." By the end of October she had used almost half of the money she had saved for the whole year.

Things began to change when a classmate persuaded her to join the university's sea-swimming club. Mia had never swum in the sea in winter, and she nearly gave up after the first session, when the water was so cold that she could hardly breathe. But the club met at seven o'clock every Saturday morning, whatever the weather, and afterwards the members went to a small café near the harbour for hot chocolate. "It wasn't really the swimming that kept me going back," she admits. "It was the café. For the first time, I was part of a group that expected me to turn up."

Through the club she met an older student who was studying nutrition, and the two of them started cooking together on Sunday evenings. They made large pots of soup and pasta sauce and froze them in portions for the week ahead. Mia's spending on food fell by more than half, and she found that she had more energy for her studies. She also began to keep a simple notebook in which she wrote down everything she spent, from bus tickets to coffee. "It was boring," she says, "but after a month I could see exactly where my money was going, and I stopped worrying about it."

By the summer, Mia had passed all her exams, two of them with high marks. She is now in her third year and helps to run a programme that pairs each new student with an older one during their first term. The pairs meet once a week, usually for coffee, and the older student answers questions about anything from timetables to washing machines. Her advice to those arriving in the city is simple. "Don't wait for friends to find you. Choose one activity, any activity, and go every week, even when you don't feel like it. And learn to cook three cheap meals before you leave home." The sea, she adds, is still very cold in January.

According to Mia, what mainly kept her going back to the club?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: D

She says it "wasn't really the swimming" but the café: "I was part of a group that expected me to turn up." Speed, health and the classmate's feelings are not given as reasons.

Question 69

English B1 Diagnostic · Reading Comprehension · Standard
Show the passage · English · A first year by the sea

When Mia Novak left her small mountain town to study in a city on the coast, she expected the hardest part of her first year to be the lectures. In fact, as she explains in a talk she now gives to new students, the lectures were the easy part. What she had not prepared for was everything else: cooking for herself, managing a budget, and living in a place where she did not know a single person.

For the first few weeks, Mia shared a flat with two other students, both of whom were in their second year. They were friendly but busy, and they already had their own friends. "I spent most evenings in my room watching films on my laptop," she says. "I told my parents on the phone that everything was fine, but I was lonely, and I was spending far too much money on takeaway food because I didn't know how to cook." By the end of October she had used almost half of the money she had saved for the whole year.

Things began to change when a classmate persuaded her to join the university's sea-swimming club. Mia had never swum in the sea in winter, and she nearly gave up after the first session, when the water was so cold that she could hardly breathe. But the club met at seven o'clock every Saturday morning, whatever the weather, and afterwards the members went to a small café near the harbour for hot chocolate. "It wasn't really the swimming that kept me going back," she admits. "It was the café. For the first time, I was part of a group that expected me to turn up."

Through the club she met an older student who was studying nutrition, and the two of them started cooking together on Sunday evenings. They made large pots of soup and pasta sauce and froze them in portions for the week ahead. Mia's spending on food fell by more than half, and she found that she had more energy for her studies. She also began to keep a simple notebook in which she wrote down everything she spent, from bus tickets to coffee. "It was boring," she says, "but after a month I could see exactly where my money was going, and I stopped worrying about it."

By the summer, Mia had passed all her exams, two of them with high marks. She is now in her third year and helps to run a programme that pairs each new student with an older one during their first term. The pairs meet once a week, usually for coffee, and the older student answers questions about anything from timetables to washing machines. Her advice to those arriving in the city is simple. "Don't wait for friends to find you. Choose one activity, any activity, and go every week, even when you don't feel like it. And learn to cook three cheap meals before you leave home." The sea, she adds, is still very cold in January.

Which statement is true according to the fourth paragraph?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: B

The text says "Mia's spending on food fell by more than half". They cooked on Sunday evenings only, the friend studied nutrition, and Mia had more energy, not less.

Question 70

English B1 Diagnostic · Reading Comprehension · Foundation
Show the passage · English · A first year by the sea

When Mia Novak left her small mountain town to study in a city on the coast, she expected the hardest part of her first year to be the lectures. In fact, as she explains in a talk she now gives to new students, the lectures were the easy part. What she had not prepared for was everything else: cooking for herself, managing a budget, and living in a place where she did not know a single person.

For the first few weeks, Mia shared a flat with two other students, both of whom were in their second year. They were friendly but busy, and they already had their own friends. "I spent most evenings in my room watching films on my laptop," she says. "I told my parents on the phone that everything was fine, but I was lonely, and I was spending far too much money on takeaway food because I didn't know how to cook." By the end of October she had used almost half of the money she had saved for the whole year.

Things began to change when a classmate persuaded her to join the university's sea-swimming club. Mia had never swum in the sea in winter, and she nearly gave up after the first session, when the water was so cold that she could hardly breathe. But the club met at seven o'clock every Saturday morning, whatever the weather, and afterwards the members went to a small café near the harbour for hot chocolate. "It wasn't really the swimming that kept me going back," she admits. "It was the café. For the first time, I was part of a group that expected me to turn up."

Through the club she met an older student who was studying nutrition, and the two of them started cooking together on Sunday evenings. They made large pots of soup and pasta sauce and froze them in portions for the week ahead. Mia's spending on food fell by more than half, and she found that she had more energy for her studies. She also began to keep a simple notebook in which she wrote down everything she spent, from bus tickets to coffee. "It was boring," she says, "but after a month I could see exactly where my money was going, and I stopped worrying about it."

By the summer, Mia had passed all her exams, two of them with high marks. She is now in her third year and helps to run a programme that pairs each new student with an older one during their first term. The pairs meet once a week, usually for coffee, and the older student answers questions about anything from timetables to washing machines. Her advice to those arriving in the city is simple. "Don't wait for friends to find you. Choose one activity, any activity, and go every week, even when you don't feel like it. And learn to cook three cheap meals before you leave home." The sea, she adds, is still very cold in January.

What does the programme that Mia now helps to run do?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: A

The programme "pairs each new student with an older one during their first term". Cooking and swimming appear in her advice and her own story, not as what the programme does, and flats are not mentioned.

Question 71

English B1 Diagnostic · Reading Comprehension · Challenging
Show the passage · English · A first year by the sea

When Mia Novak left her small mountain town to study in a city on the coast, she expected the hardest part of her first year to be the lectures. In fact, as she explains in a talk she now gives to new students, the lectures were the easy part. What she had not prepared for was everything else: cooking for herself, managing a budget, and living in a place where she did not know a single person.

For the first few weeks, Mia shared a flat with two other students, both of whom were in their second year. They were friendly but busy, and they already had their own friends. "I spent most evenings in my room watching films on my laptop," she says. "I told my parents on the phone that everything was fine, but I was lonely, and I was spending far too much money on takeaway food because I didn't know how to cook." By the end of October she had used almost half of the money she had saved for the whole year.

Things began to change when a classmate persuaded her to join the university's sea-swimming club. Mia had never swum in the sea in winter, and she nearly gave up after the first session, when the water was so cold that she could hardly breathe. But the club met at seven o'clock every Saturday morning, whatever the weather, and afterwards the members went to a small café near the harbour for hot chocolate. "It wasn't really the swimming that kept me going back," she admits. "It was the café. For the first time, I was part of a group that expected me to turn up."

Through the club she met an older student who was studying nutrition, and the two of them started cooking together on Sunday evenings. They made large pots of soup and pasta sauce and froze them in portions for the week ahead. Mia's spending on food fell by more than half, and she found that she had more energy for her studies. She also began to keep a simple notebook in which she wrote down everything she spent, from bus tickets to coffee. "It was boring," she says, "but after a month I could see exactly where my money was going, and I stopped worrying about it."

By the summer, Mia had passed all her exams, two of them with high marks. She is now in her third year and helps to run a programme that pairs each new student with an older one during their first term. The pairs meet once a week, usually for coffee, and the older student answers questions about anything from timetables to washing machines. Her advice to those arriving in the city is simple. "Don't wait for friends to find you. Choose one activity, any activity, and go every week, even when you don't feel like it. And learn to cook three cheap meals before you leave home." The sea, she adds, is still very cold in January.

What does the last sentence of the text suggest?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C

Saying that the sea "is still very cold in January" suggests she still goes in it and knows from experience; it is a light, humorous ending. It is not a warning (her advice is to choose an activity and keep going), and "still very cold" means it has not become warmer.

Question 72

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Foundation

I'm sorry — I ___ a mistake in your name on the form.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: B

In English we make a mistake. Do goes with tasks and activities (do homework, do the shopping), and take and have do not combine with mistake.

Question 73

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Standard

The football match was ___ because of the storm.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: D

Call off means cancel, which is what a storm does to a match. Call up means phone someone or order them to join the army, turn up means arrive, and put up means build or raise something.

Question 74

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Foundation

Could you ___ me your dictionary until tomorrow? I've left mine at home.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: A

You lend something to someone (you give it for a time). Borrow is what the speaker does (borrow something from you), owe means have a debt, and rent means pay to use something.

Question 75

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Standard

The ___ of the new sports centre took almost two years.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C

After "The" and before "of" we need a noun: construction. Construct is a verb, constructive is an adjective (a constructive comment), and constructed is a past participle.

Question 76

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Standard

It was raining so ___ that the match had to be stopped.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: D

Rain collocates with heavily (heavy rain, rain heavily). Hardly means "almost not", which is the opposite of the meaning, and strongly and greatly do not go with rain.

Question 77

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Foundation

Please ___ attention to the safety instructions before the flight.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: B

The fixed collocation is pay attention to. Take, make and put are not used with attention in this way.

Question 78

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Foundation

I'm really ___ forward to the summer holidays.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: A

Look forward to means be happy and excited about something in the future. We say wait for and hope for, never "wait forward" or "hope forward", and "see forward" does not exist.

Question 79

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Standard

That song always ___ me of my first summer at the seaside.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C

Remind someone of something means make them think of it. Remember and recall are what the person does (I remember my summer), so they cannot take "me of", and memorise means learn by heart.

Question 80

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Standard

Our chemistry teacher is very ___; she explains things again and again until everyone understands.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: B

After "is very" we need an adjective, and the meaning (explaining again and again) is patient. Patience is a noun, patiently is an adverb, and impatient is an adjective with the opposite meaning.

Question 81

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Foundation

He ___ his driving test because he had not practised enough.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: D

You fail (or pass) a test. You lose a game or an object, and drop and fall do not combine with test.

Question 82

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Foundation

The film was so ___ that I fell asleep halfway through.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: A

Adjectives in -ing describe the thing that causes the feeling, so the film was boring. Bored and interested describe how a person feels, and an exciting film would not send you to sleep.

Question 83

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Standard

Could you ___ an eye on my suitcase while I buy a ticket?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C

Keep an eye on something is a fixed expression meaning watch it to make sure it is safe. Hold, watch and put cannot replace keep in this expression.

Question 84

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Foundation

If you don't know what a word means, ___ it up in a dictionary.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: D

The phrasal verb is look something up (find information in a book or online). Search, find and check are not used with up in this meaning.

Question 85

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Standard

In most countries it is ___ to drive a car without a licence.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: B

The negative prefix of legal is il-: illegal. "Unlegal" and "dislegal" are not English words, and legally is an adverb, which cannot follow "it is" here.

Question 86

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Standard

She has a lot of ___ of working with young children, so she got the job.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C

Experience means knowledge and skill you get from doing something. An experiment is a scientific test, an expert is a person, and practise (with s) is a verb in British English.

Question 87

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Standard

I paid with a twenty-euro note, but the cashier gave me the wrong ___.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: A

Change is the money you get back when you pay more than the price. Rest, return and exchange do not have this meaning.

Question 88

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Standard

Our flight was ___ by three hours because of thick fog.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: D

A flight that leaves later than planned is delayed. A passenger misses a flight, slow describes speed, and wait is not used in the passive in this way.

Question 89

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Challenging

It took my brother two weeks to ___ over his flu.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: B

Get over an illness means recover from it. Come over means visit, go over means check or review, and take over means take control.

Question 90

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Challenging

The concert was a big ___: the band played for only twenty minutes.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: A

After "a big" we need a noun: disappointment. Disappointing and disappointed are adjectives, and disappoint is a verb.

Question 91

English B1 Diagnostic · Vocabulary and Collocations · Challenging

The new rules about mobile phones in class came into ___ on 1 September.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C

Rules or laws come into force when they officially start to apply. A government comes into power, and "come into action" or "come into law" are not used for rules.

Question 92

English B1 Diagnostic · Tenses, Voice and Reported Speech · Foundation

I ___ in this town since I was ten years old.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: D

"Since" with a situation that started in the past and continues now takes the present perfect: have lived. The present simple and continuous cannot be used with since, and the past simple would mean the situation has ended.

Question 93

English B1 Diagnostic · Tenses, Voice and Reported Speech · Foundation

I ___ a shower when the phone rang, so I didn't answer it.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: B

A longer action in progress in the past, interrupted by a short one (the phone rang), takes the past continuous: was having. The present and present perfect forms do not fit a story in the past.

Question 94

English B1 Diagnostic · Tenses, Voice and Reported Speech · Standard

English ___ as an official language in many countries.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: A

English does not use anything; people use it, so the verb must be passive: is used. Uses, is using and has used are active forms.

Question 95

English B1 Diagnostic · Tenses, Voice and Reported Speech · Challenging

Tom said, "I will call you tomorrow." → Tom said that he ___ me the following day.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C

In reported speech after a past reporting verb, will usually becomes would, as "tomorrow" becomes "the following day". Will call keeps the original tense with a reported time phrase, and calls and has called change the meaning.

Question 96

English B1 Diagnostic · Tenses, Voice and Reported Speech · Challenging

By the time we arrived at the school, the exam results ___.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: B

The announcing happened before another past event (we arrived), so we need the past perfect, and results are announced by someone, so it is passive: had already been announced. Have been announced is present perfect, and were announcing and had announced are active, as if the results announced something.

Question 97

English B1 Diagnostic · Modals and Conditionals · Foundation

If it rains tomorrow, we ___ the picnic until Sunday.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: D

A real possibility in the future is the first conditional: if + present simple, will + verb. Would postpone, postponed and had postponed belong to unreal or past conditionals.

Question 98

English B1 Diagnostic · Modals and Conditionals · Standard

If I ___ more free time, I would learn to play the guitar.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C

An imaginary present situation is the second conditional: if + past simple, would + verb, so if I had. Have would need will in the other half, and will or would do not normally follow if in this pattern.

Question 99

English B1 Diagnostic · Modals and Conditionals · Standard

You ___ bring your own lunch on the trip; food is included in the price.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: A

Don't have to means it is not necessary, which fits food being included. Mustn't and can't mean it is not allowed, which the sentence does not say, and have to means the opposite.

Question 100

English B1 Diagnostic · Modals and Conditionals · Challenging

If she had left home ten minutes earlier, she ___ the train.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: D

An imaginary past situation is the third conditional: if + past perfect, would have + past participle. Would catch and will catch refer to the present or future, and had caught cannot be the result half.

Question 101

English B1 Diagnostic · Modals and Conditionals · Challenging

All the lights are off and nobody is answering the door. They ___ be at home.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: B

To say we are almost sure something is not true, we use can't. Don't have to and needn't mean it is not necessary, and shouldn't gives advice, so none of them is a logical conclusion.

Question 102

English B1 Diagnostic · Articles, Prepositions and Relative Clauses · Foundation

My cousin wants to become ___ engineer.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C

Jobs take the indefinite article, and before a vowel sound we use an: an engineer. A is used before consonant sounds, the would mean a particular engineer, and a singular job needs an article.

Question 103

English B1 Diagnostic · Articles, Prepositions and Relative Clauses · Foundation

Our final exam is ___ 15 June.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: A

We use on with dates and days (on 15 June, on Monday). In is for months and years, at is for clock times, and to does not express a date.

Question 104

English B1 Diagnostic · Articles, Prepositions and Relative Clauses · Standard

The woman ___ car was stolen went to the police.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: D

Whose shows possession (the woman's car was stolen). Who, which and that cannot be followed directly by a noun that belongs to the person.

Question 105

English B1 Diagnostic · Articles, Prepositions and Relative Clauses · Standard

This is the village ___ my grandparents were born.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: B

Where introduces a relative clause about a place and means "in which". Which would need in (in which, or which ... in), who is for people, and what cannot follow a noun in this way.

Question 106

English B1 Diagnostic · Articles, Prepositions and Relative Clauses · Challenging

The city museum, ___ opened last year, is already very popular with tourists.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: A

Between commas the clause adds extra information (a non-defining relative clause), and for a thing it must begin with which. That is not used in non-defining clauses, what cannot follow a noun, and where would need a subject (where tourists go).

Question 107

English B1 Diagnostic · Word Order and Comparison · Foundation

This exercise is ___ than the one we did yesterday.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C

Two-syllable adjectives ending in -y form the comparative with -ier: easier. "More easy" is wrong, easiest is the superlative, and "more easier" uses two comparative forms at once.

Question 108

English B1 Diagnostic · Word Order and Comparison · Foundation

Anna is the ___ student in our class.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: B

With "the" and a group (in our class) we need the superlative, and short adjectives add -est: tallest. Taller is the comparative, and more or most are not used with one-syllable adjectives like tall.

Question 109

English B1 Diagnostic · Word Order and Comparison · Standard

Which sentence is correct?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: D

In English the object comes straight after the verb, and an adverb of manner goes after the object: speaks English very well. The adverb cannot come between the verb and its object, or before the verb or the subject here.

Question 110

English B1 Diagnostic · Word Order and Comparison · Standard

Excuse me, could you tell me ___?

Show answer and explanation

Answer: A

In an indirect question (after "could you tell me") the word order is that of a statement: subject before verb, so where the station is. "Where is the station" keeps the direct-question order, and the other two add words that do not belong.

Question 111

English B1 Diagnostic · Word Order and Comparison · Challenging

The more you practise, ___ you will become.

Show answer and explanation

Answer: C

The pattern "the + comparative ..., the + comparative ..." shows that two things change together, so both halves need the and a comparative: the more confident. The options without the, or with the superlative most, break the pattern.

About this paper

Assen Zlatarov Entrance Exam past papers

Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov University publishes no past papers: it states that the content of its online exams is confidential and forbids candidates to share or publish any part of it. Its Entry exams and fees page offers free PDFs instead: a sample Biology test (21 four-option questions and a six-pair matching task) and a sample Chemistry test (30 four-option questions), each with its answers, and the official syllabus for each subject. Once the exam fee is received, candidates can also solve mock tests in the university's exam system. IvyTest's free practice tests on this page cover all three tests, Biology 31, Chemistry 30 and English B1 50, every answer explained.

This paper keeps the format the university publishes: Biology 31 questions, Chemistry 30 (15 inorganic, then 15 organic), and the English B1 test's 10 reading, 20 vocabulary and 20 grammar questions, four options each, as on the university's sample tests (its reading items can also be True/False). Every question is new, and every one has its answer explained.

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